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Oral mucositis (OM) caused by cancer therapy is the most common adverse reaction in the radiotherapy of head and neck tumors. In severe cases, it can lead to the interruption of treatment, which affects the control of the disease and the quality of life. Shuanghua Baihe Tablet (SBT) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, which is administerd to treat OM in China. It has been clinically effective for more than 30 years, but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. With the development of multiple omics, it is possible to explore the mechanism of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions. Based on transcriptomics and metabolomics, we explored the underlying mechanism of SBT in the treatment of OM. An OM model of rats was established by 5-FU induction, and SBT was orally administered at dosages of 0.75 and 3 g·kg
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Animals , Rats , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Metabolome , Quality of Life , Stomatitis , Tablets , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the mechanism of resveratrol （RSV） in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma （LUAD） based on bioinformatics and molecular biology. Method:The targets of RSV were retrieved from DrugBank and then imported into STRING for constructing a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network.TCGA database was utilized to analyze the expression of target genes in tumor and normal tissues， followed by the prediction of their impacts on tumor occurrence and development and the screening of target genes using random forest and univariate Cox regression models.With the results of bioinformatics taken into consideration， the mechanism of RSV in inhibiting LUAD was further explored by molecular biology. Result:Ten Hub genes were screened out from the PPI network of RSV targets.Among them， solute carrier family 2 member 1 （SLC2A1）， arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase （ALOX5）， peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma （PPARG）， and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase （ALOX15） differed significantly in their expression in tumor and normal tissues.As revealed by random forest and univariate COX regression analysis， SLC2A1 was of great significance to the survival and prognosis of patients with LUAD.The survival analysis through Kaplan-Meier （KM） plotter indicated that the SLC2A1 expression was closely related to the overall survival （OS）， first progression （FP）， and post-progression survival （PPS） of LUAD patients.The molecular biological experiments further proved that RSV inhibited the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells by reducing the expression of SLC2A1.As verified by immunohistochemical scoring， SLC2A1 protein expression in tumor tissue was significantly different from that in normal tissue. Conclusion:RSV inhibits the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells by reducing the expression of SLC2A1， which has far-reaching significance in the clinical treatment of LUAD.
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Polysaccharides from Chinese medicines are attracting increasing attention to their wide range of valuable biological activities. As these polysaccharides are mostly from edible materials, their safety can be greatly ensured. Therefore, the Chinese medicine polysaccharides have been the focus of research and development of new drugs and health products. However, there are rarely successful cases. Here, based on the authors' own research experience, the difficulties and challenges in chemical analysis and mechanism study of Chinese medicine polysaccharides are discussed, in the hope of eliciting more innovative ideas and solutions.
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@#Objective To observe the influence of spinal cord injury on lower limbs weight support capacity,and the changes with time. Methods Six adult female rhesus monkeys with thoracic(T7-9)right spinal cord hemi-section were measured the plantar pressure ratio of both lower limbs with Foot-Scan system before,and six and twelve weeks after operation. Results There was no statistical difference between both sides of limbs before operation(Z=-1.330,P>0.05),while the plantar pressure ratio was more on the left limbs six and twelve weeks after operation(Z>4.783,P<0.001).The plantar pressure ratio of right lower limb became less and less during observation(Z=3.191,P<0.001). Conclusion The weight support capacity of affected limbs is injured after spinal cord hemi-section in monkeys, and would become worse without intervention.
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Axillary crutch is one of the common mobility aids, with extensive usage in the given crowd. Due to the lack of adequate theoretical support, the past design of crutches often leads to occurrence of the secondary damage, such as axillary nerve injury, wrist injury and so on. Thus, it is necessary to carry out biomechanical study on axillary crutches. In this paper, the problems related with biomechanics in axillary crutches were reviewed by inquiring and analyzing the relevant references, and discussed from the aspects of human biomechanics, ergonomics, and industrial design. Also in this paper, through man machine interface research, the mechanical analysis on crutches usage, gait analysis and ergonomics design were made to lay a solid foundation for the design and correct use of axillary crutches so as to provide some reference for the option, adaptation and assessment of axillary crutches, which would have great clinical significance.
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Objective Try to design a novel axillary crutch with the feature of simple structure, nice appearance, and strong practicality, so as to overcome shortcomings for the past crutches. Methods Based on the methods of modular design and flexible design, an innovative design for axillary crutches was proposed from the aspect of human biomechanics, ergonomics, and industrial design as well. Results The feasibility and clinical applicability of the design were verified by mechanical analysis, finite element analysis, quality inspection of the prototype and preliminary clinical use. Conclusions The novel axillary crutch as the result of the research and design in this study is of great clinical significance. It can effectively reduce the force of wrist and axillary for users, and cut down the occurrence of the secondary damage. Also this study can provide a useful reference for design of other similar crutches.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the aerodynamics characteristics of nasal cavity in inspiration phase from 60 healthy Chinese people and provide the reference values for future computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CFD was used for numerical simulation. The indices of main airflow passage, total nasal airway resistance, maximal velocity, maximal wall shear stress, nasal mucosa area, nasal volume and surface area-to-volume ratio were extracted from CFD analysis results. SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The main airflow passage in nasal cavity was common meatus, the mean total nasal airway resistance was (0.211 ± 0.085) kPa·s·L(-1), the mean maximal velocity was (12.01 ± 2.79) m/s, the mean maximal wall shear stress was (2.50 ± 0.89) Pa, the mean nasal mucosa area was (161.2 ± 34.7) mm(2), the mean nasal volume was (31.7 ± 8.1) ml and the mean surface area-to-volume ratio was (0.58 ± 0.09) mm(-1). No significant difference was detected in aerodynamics indices between male and female people.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The main airflow passage is located in common meatus. The nasal valve area is the key constrictive plane in nasal cavity. There are no gender differences of main airflow characteristics in nasal cavity. The normal ranges of aerodynamics indices could be used for reference values for future CFD research.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Asian People , Computer Simulation , Nasal Cavity , Physiology , Pulmonary VentilationABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The role of nasal obstruction in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has been debated for decades. In this prospective study, we compared the pharyngeal aerodynamic characteristics of OSAHS patients and normal people, and investigated the contribution of total nasal airway resistance to the pathophysiology of OSAHS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to extract the average pressure and average airflow velocity in three transverse cross-sectional planes of the pharynx for statistical analysis, and the correlation between nasal resistance and the average pressure in the pharyngeal cavity was investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The negative pressure within the pharyngeal cavity was significantly higher in OSAHS patients than in normal subjects, and total nasal airway resistance correlated well with the average pressure in three consecutive transverse cross-sections of the pharyngeal cavity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Greater negative pressure within the pharyngeal cavity contributed to the increased collapsibility of the pharynx in OSAHS patients, and the strong correlation between nasal resistance and pharyngeal pressure suggests that the nose plays a role in the pathogenesis of OSAHS.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Pharynx , Prospective Studies , Sleep Apnea, ObstructiveABSTRACT
Objective To investigate effects of orthoses and relative techniques applied in burn patients.Methods 20 customized orthoses used for 17 burn cases since the year 2008 were studied, and the effects and main technical points of the treatment were summarized based on the principle of such orthoses. The burn areas in these patients were at the neck, hand, ankle, foot and body trunk. The intervention time of using orthoses was at early stage of burn, recovery stage and late stage of rehabilitation, respectively. Results The review study showed that fitting the orthoses after burn could prevent the contracture of the joint, restrain scar casting, assist training to improve the range of motion of the joint. Conclusions According to the state of the burn patients, the use of well fitted orthoses could have obvious good clinic effect, which promotes the functionality recovery.
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Objective To design a mouse device based on surface EMG signals of the temporalis for people who suffered with paraplegia, upper limb disability or impaired hand function to be able to operate the mouse. Methods A control method for mouse operation based on surface EMG was presented. Through analysis and test, facial surface EMG signals of the temporalis were selected as the control signal and with the bite as a trigger action. EMG signals with different characteristics could be generated from the temporalis muscle according to different bite actions, and thus a mouse device controlled by the facial surface EMG signals from the temporalis was designed. Results The test proved that by using the device, subjects could control the mouse by a simple bite action. Conclusions The control method for mouse operation based on surface EMG is feasible，and the mouse device designed according to this method is valuable in practical application.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the impact of renal dysfunction on survival in hospitalized chronic heart failure (CHF) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this retrospective analysis, we collected all clinical data from eligible patients hospitalized in the second hospital of Tianjin Medical University between Jan 1980 and Aug 2007. CHF patients were divided into three groups according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR): A, normal renal function; B, mild renal dysfunction; C, renal dysfunction. Patients in group C were further divided into three subgroups according to hospitalization year: D, 1980.01 - 1989.12; E, 1990.01 - 1999.12; F, 2000.01 - 2007.08.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Renal dysfunction was found in 714 patients. Compared with group A (n = 817) and group B (n = 928), patients in group C were older, had worse heart function and major medications included nitrates, diuretics and digitalis. From 1980 to 2007, use of Angiotensin II receptor antagonist, beta-blocker, statins significantly increased and the in-hospital mortality significantly decreased in group C patients. Percent of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) use was the highest in 1990s. The hospital stay was significantly longer and all cause in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in group C compared to group A and group B (all P < 0.01). After adjustment for other risk factors by multivariate analysis, renal dysfunction was an independent risk factor of in-hospital all cause mortality. Patients faced 16.7% higher risk of all cause in-hospital mortality for every 10 mlxmin(-1) x1.73 m(-2) decrease in GFR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of renal dysfunction was high in CHF patients. The hospital stay was longer, in-hospital all-cause mortality was higher in CHF patients with renal dysfunction compared to CHF patients without or with mild renal dysfunction. Renal dysfunction was an independent risk factor for all-cause in-hospital mortality. Increased use of ACEI, ARB, beta-blocker and statins might be responsible for reduced in-hospital mortality in CHF with renal dysfunction patients in recent years.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chronic Disease , Heart Failure , Diagnosis , Inpatients , Prognosis , Renal Insufficiency , Retrospective Studies , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate human antibodies against hepatitis E virus from phage display library by a new method of panning phage antibody library based on immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Phage antibody library was allowed to mix with hex-His tagged expressed HEV specific antigen, NE2, in solution for adequate binding before affinity resin for hex-His was added. The non-specific phage antibodies were removed by extensive washing and the specific bound phage antibodies could then be eluted to infect TG1 or repeat the binding process for subsequent rounds of purification. The specificity of the selected human antibodies were tested by antigen competitive ELISA, human sera blocking ELISA, scFv expression, and sequence analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>His-NE2 specific recombinant phages were successfully enriched after panning procedure. Two individual phage clones, 126 and 138, showed 50% inhibition in NE2 antigen competition ELISA and obvious blocking effect by HEV positive serum in blocking ELISA. Soluble scFv of 126, 138 bound to NE2 specifically.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Two specific human phage antibodies against hepatitis E virus (HEV) from phage display library were isolated by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The immobilized metal affinity chromatography applied to phage antibody selection was a helpful supplement to the selection in solution.</p>